Most Commonly Found Bacteria That Cause Dental Plaque Inflammation in German Shepherd Dogs
Saso Stojanovski, Goce Cilev, Blagica Trajanoska
Abstract: The purpouse of this study was to investigate which bacteria cause plaque inflammation in dogs.
To meet this goal, samples were taken from dogs of the German Shepherd breed, brought and examined
by a veterinarian, who were found to have problems with dental plaque. The examination
covers a time interval of three years between January 2018 to January 2021. The samples were taken
in veterinary clinics in the Pelagonija region. A total of 48 samples were taken from different dogs
with an average age of 4 to 7 years and of different sexes. Five swabs were taken from each sample,
which were cultivated on petri dishes in selective nutrient medium and cultured at different temperatures.
114 isolates were were identified by means of various biochemical tests isolated from such
petri dishes after cultivation, by biochemical tests. From the obtained results it can be concluded that
most often the appearance of dental plaque occurs in animals aged 4.2 years to 6.7 years. You may
also notice that the appearance of dental plaque in dogs does not depend on the sex of the dog. It was
found a good growth on the selective nutrient substrates, such as Baird Parker Agar, Bile eseulin
azide, which are confirmed by the additional tests performed (Oxidase reaction, Catalysis activity,
Indole test, Hydrolysis of hyporate, Acetoin formation, Acetylmethylcarbinol, Voges-Proscauer reaction)
and Test methyl-Roth (MR-test). The most common bacteria that cause dental plaque problems
in German Shepherd dogs in 2018 according to the results are the following generic Staphylococcus
25%, Streptococcus 22% and Streptococcus Enterococcus 18%, Veillonella 13%, Bacteriodes 10%,
Prevotella 7%, Lactobacillus 5%. While the bacteria present and causing dental plaque problems in
2019 are Staphylococcus 29%, Streptococcus 25%, Enterococcus 19%, Veillonella 10%, Bacterioides
8%, Prevotella 6%, and Lactobacillus 3%. And according to our results in 2020 the most common
bacteria that cause dental plaque injury are: Staphylococcus 33%, Streptococcus 27%, Enterococcus
16%, Veillonella 11%, Bacterioides 6%, Prevotella 4%, and Lactobacillus 3%. As a conclusion of the
results it can be concluded that the most common genera that cause plaque injuries in dogs of German
Shepherd breed in Pelagonija region are the genera: Staphylococcus, Streptococcus and Enterococcus
the other genera occur but in a much smaller percentage. Inflammation of the dental plaque in this
breed of dog has been found to be caused by more than three bacteria that can act together.
To meet this goal, samples were taken from dogs of the German Shepherd breed, brought and examined
by a veterinarian, who were found to have problems with dental plaque. The examination
covers a time interval of three years between January 2018 to January 2021. The samples were taken
in veterinary clinics in the Pelagonija region. A total of 48 samples were taken from different dogs
with an average age of 4 to 7 years and of different sexes. Five swabs were taken from each sample,
which were cultivated on petri dishes in selective nutrient medium and cultured at different temperatures.
114 isolates were were identified by means of various biochemical tests isolated from such
petri dishes after cultivation, by biochemical tests. From the obtained results it can be concluded that
most often the appearance of dental plaque occurs in animals aged 4.2 years to 6.7 years. You may
also notice that the appearance of dental plaque in dogs does not depend on the sex of the dog. It was
found a good growth on the selective nutrient substrates, such as Baird Parker Agar, Bile eseulin
azide, which are confirmed by the additional tests performed (Oxidase reaction, Catalysis activity,
Indole test, Hydrolysis of hyporate, Acetoin formation, Acetylmethylcarbinol, Voges-Proscauer reaction)
and Test methyl-Roth (MR-test). The most common bacteria that cause dental plaque problems
in German Shepherd dogs in 2018 according to the results are the following generic Staphylococcus
25%, Streptococcus 22% and Streptococcus Enterococcus 18%, Veillonella 13%, Bacteriodes 10%,
Prevotella 7%, Lactobacillus 5%. While the bacteria present and causing dental plaque problems in
2019 are Staphylococcus 29%, Streptococcus 25%, Enterococcus 19%, Veillonella 10%, Bacterioides
8%, Prevotella 6%, and Lactobacillus 3%. And according to our results in 2020 the most common
bacteria that cause dental plaque injury are: Staphylococcus 33%, Streptococcus 27%, Enterococcus
16%, Veillonella 11%, Bacterioides 6%, Prevotella 4%, and Lactobacillus 3%. As a conclusion of the
results it can be concluded that the most common genera that cause plaque injuries in dogs of German
Shepherd breed in Pelagonija region are the genera: Staphylococcus, Streptococcus and Enterococcus
the other genera occur but in a much smaller percentage. Inflammation of the dental plaque in this
breed of dog has been found to be caused by more than three bacteria that can act together.
Keywords: Bacterial causes; Dental Plaque; German Shepherd Dogs
Date published: 2021-10-27
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