Quantitative analysis of the nutrient solutions of three aquaponic systems
Milena Krastanova
Abstract: The effects of nutrient flows on tilapia fish (Oreochromis niloticus) and plant crops in three model aquaponic systems (deep water culture system, nutrient film technique and substrate beds) placed under identical conditions were evaluated. Quantitative analysis of ammonia, nitrite, nitrate concentrations and the factors on which they depend (air and fish water temperature, air humidity, pH and dissolved oxygen) was performed. The nutrient solutions affecting the yield and quality of the produce and the efficiency of the resources used were assessed. Monitoring and good management of aquaponics are necessary and mandatory requirements to ensure optimal conditions for the symbiosis between fish, beneficial bacteria and plants.
Keywords: aquaponics; life cycle; nutrients
Citation: Krastanova, M. (2024). Quantitative analysis of the nutrient solutions of three aquaponic systems. Bulgarian Journal of Animal Husbandry, 61(3), 48-64 (Bg).
| References: (click to open/close) | Al Tawaha, A., R., Wahab, P., E., M, Jaafar, H., B., Zuan, A., T., K. & Hassan, M., Z. (2020). Effects of Fish Stocking Density on Water Quality, Growth Performance of Tilapia and Yield of Butterhead Lettuce Grown in Decoupled Recirculation Aquaponic Systems. Journal of Ecological Engineering Received, 22(1), 8-19.
Anderson, T. S., Martini, M. R., De Villiers, D., & Timmons, M. B. (2017). Growth and tissue elemental composition response of butterhead lettuce (Lactuca Sativa, Cv. Flandria) to hydroponic conditions at dif- ferent pH and alkalinity. Horticulturae, 3, 41.
Antoniou, P., Hamilton, J., Koopman, B., Jain, R., Holloway, B., Lyberatos, G. & Svoronos, S. A. (1990). Effect of temperature and pH on the effective maximum specific growth rate of nitrifying bacteria. Water Res., 24, 97-101.
Barbosa, G., Gadelha, F., Kublik, N., Proctor, A., Reichelm, L., Weissinger, E., Wohlleb, G. & Halden, R. (2015). Comparison of land, water and energy requirements of lettuce grown using hydroponic vs. conventional agricultural methods. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health, 12, 6879-6891.
Bartelme, R. P., McLellan, S. L. &Newton, J. R. (2017) Freshwater. Recirculating Aquaculture System Operations Drive Biofilter Bacterial Community Shifts around a Stable Nitrifying Consortium of Ammonia- Oxidizing Archaea and Comammox Nitrospira. Front. Microbiol., Sec. Aquatic Microbiology, 8, 101.
Blackburne, R., Vadivelu, V. M., Yuan, Z. & Keller, J. (2007). Kinetic characterisation of an enriched Nitrospira culture with comparison to Nitrobacter. Water Res., 41, 3033-3042.
Boyd, C. & Lichtkoppler, F. (1979). Water quality management in pond fish culture. Research and Development Series, 22, Auburn University, Alabama.
Chervinski, J. (1982). Environmental physiology of tilapias. In: The biology and culture of tilapias. (R.S.V. Pullin and R.H. Lowe-McConnell, eds.). ICLARM Conf. Proc. 7, 119-128.
Comeau, Y. (2008). Microbial metabolism. In: Biological wastewater treatment: principles, modeling and design. (M. Henze, M. van Loosdrecht, G. Ekama, D. Brdjanovic, eds.) Cap, 2. IWA/Cambridge University Press, London, 9-32.
Davidson, J., Good, C., Welsh, C. & Summerfelt, S. T. (2014). Comparing the effects of high vs. low nitrate on the health, performance, and welfare of juvenile rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss within water recirculating aquaculture systems. Aquac. Eng., 59, 30-40.
Defa, R. M., Ramdhani, R., Priramadhi & Aprillia, B. S. (2019). Automatic controlling system and IoT based monitoring for pH rate on the aquaponics system. Journal of Physics: Conference Series. 1367 012072.
Delaide, B., Delhaye, G., Dermience, M., Gott, J., Soyeurt, H. & Haissam Jijakli, M. (2017). Plant and fish production performance, nutrient mass balances, energy and water use of the PAFF box, a small-scale aquaponic system. Aquacult eng. 78, 130-139.
Dey, B. K., Verdegem, M. C. J., Nederlof, M. A. J., Masagounder, K., Mas-Muñoz, J. & Schrama, J. W. (2023). Effect of temperature on the energy utilization efficiencies of digested protein, fat, and carbohydrates in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). Aquaculture, 576, 739876.
Eck, M., Sare, A., Massart, S., Schmautz, Z, Junge, R., Smits, T. H. M. & Haïssam Jijakli, M. (2019). Exploring bacterial communities in aquaponic systems. Water, 11(2), 260.
El-Sayed, A. (2004). Tilapia culture. CABI Publishing, Wallingford, UK.
Endut, A., Jusoh, A., Ali, N., Wan, W., Nik, W. & Hassan, A. (2010). A study on the optimal hydraulic loading rate and plant ratios in recirculation aquaponic system. Bioresour. Technol., 101, 1511-1517.
Goddek, S., Delaide, B., Mankasingh, U., Ragnarsdot- tir, K., Jijakli, H. & Thorarinsdottir, R. (2015). Challenges of sustainable and commercial aquaponics. Sustainability, 7, 4199-4224.
Graber, A. & Junge, R. (2009). Aquaponic Systems: Nutrient recycling from fish wastewater by vegetable production. Desalination, 246, 147-156.
Hatayama, R., Takahashi, R., Ohshima, M., Shibasaki, R. & Tokuyama, T. (2000). Ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase from an ammoniaoxidizing bacterium, Nitrosomonas sp. K1: Purification and properties. J. Biosci. Bioeng., 90, 426-430.
Keen, G. A. & Prosser, J. I. (1987). Interrelationship between pH and surface growth of Nitrobacter. Soil Biol. Biochem., 19, 665-672.
Licamele, J. (2009). Biomass Production and Nutrient Dynamics in an Aquaponics System. Doctoral dissertation, University of Arizona.
Lobanov, V. (2023). Nutrient Transfer in Aquaponic Systems. Optimizing microbial processes for greater circularity and economic viability. Doctoral dissertation, University of Gothenburg.
López-Arredondo, D., Leyva-González, A., Alatorre- Cobos, F. & Herrera-Estrella, L. (2013). Biotechnology of nutrient uptake and assimilation in plants. Int. J. Dev. Biol., 57, 595-610.
Mansor, M., Hasan, M., Kader, M., Mustafa, W., Saidi, S., Jamlos, M. &Talib, N. (2023). Aquaponic Ecosystem Monitoring with IOT Application. Journal of Advanced Research in Applied Sciences and Engineering Technology, 31(3), 345-357.
McAndrew, B. J., Turner, G. F., Robinson, R. L., Beveridge, M. C. M., Baird, D. J., Ross, L. G., Lowe-McConnell, R. H., Lorenzen, K., Penman, D. J., Little, D. C. (2000). Evolution, phylogenetic relationships and biogeography. In: Tilapias: Biology and Exploitation (Beveridge, M. C. M., McAndrew, B. J., eds.); Springer: Heidelberg, The Netherlands, 1-32.
Medina, M. (2014). Effect of aquafeed on productivity of Red amaranth and on water quality under aquaponic cultivation. Doctoral dissertation, Florida International University.
Meriac, A., Eding, E. H., Schrama, J., Kamstra, A. & Verreth, J. A. (2014). Dietary carbohydrate composition can change waste production and biofilter load in recirculating aquaculture systems. Aquaculture, 420, 254-261.
Monsees, H., Keitel, J., Paul, M., Kloas, W. & Wuertz, S. (2017). Potential of aquacultural sludge treatment for aquaponics: evaluation of nutrient mobilization under aerobic and anaerobic conditions. Aquac. Environ. Interact., 9, 9-18.
Mota, V. C., Limbu, P., Martins, C. I., Eding, E. H. & Verreth, J. A. (2015). The effect of nearly closed RAS on the feed intake and growth of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus), African catfish (Clarias gariepinus) and European eel (Anguilla anguilla). Aquac. Eng., 68, 1-5.
Nelson, R. (2008). Aquaponic food production. Nelson and Pade, Montello, WI 53949.
Nichols, M., A. & Savidov, N., A. (2012). Aquaponics: A nutrient and water efficient production system. Acta Hortic., 947, 129-132.
Orozco-Mosqueda, M. C., Rocha-Granados, M. C., Glick, B. R. & Santoyo, G. (2018). Microbiome engineering to improve biocontrol and plant growthpromoting mechanism. Microbiol Research, 208, 25-31.
Popma, T. & Masser, M. (1999). Tilapia: Life history and biology. Southern Regional Aquaculture Center. SRAC Publication No. 283.
Preena, P. G., Rejish, Kumar, V. J. & Singh, I. S. B. (2021). Nitrification and denitrification in recirculating aquaculture systems: the processes and players. Rev. Aquac., 13, 2053-2075.
Pulkkinen, J. T., Kiuru, T., Aalto, S. L., Koskela, J. & Vielma, J. (2018). Startup and effects of relative water renewal rate on water quality and growth of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) in a unique RAS research platform. Aquac. Eng.. 82, 38-45.
Rakocy, J., Masser, M. & Losordo, T. (2006). Recirculating aquaculture tank production systems: aquaponics – integrating fish and plant culture. South Region Aquacult Cent (SRAC) Publ. 454, 1-16.
Rakocy, J., Shultz, R., Bailey, D. & Thoman, E. (2004). Aquaponic production of tilapia and basil: Comparing a batch and staggered cropping system. Acta Hortic., 648, 63-69.
Rakocy, J. E. (1989). Hydroponic lettuce production in a recirculating fish culture system. Virgin Islands agricultural Experiment Station, Island Perspectives, Saint Croix, VI, USA, 5-10.
Rakocy, J. E., Shultz, R. C., Bailey, D. S. & Thoman, E. S. (2004). Aquaponic production of tilapia and basil: Comparing a batch and staggered cropping system. Acta Hortic., 648, 63-69.
Roosta, H. R. & Afsharipoor, S. (2012). Effects of different cultivation media on vegetative growth, ecophysiological traits and nutrients concentration in strawberry under hydroponic and aquaponic cultivation systems. Adv. Environ. Biol., 6, 543-555.
Santos, G., Ortiz-Gándara I., Del Castillo A., Ar- ruti A., Gómez P., Ibáñez R., Urtiaga A. & Ortiz I. (2022). Intensified fish farming. Performance of electrochemical remediation of marine RAS waters. Sci. Total Environ., 847, 157368.
Seawright, D., Stickney, R. & Walker, R. (1998). Nutrient dynamics in integrated aquaculture-hydroponics systems. Aquaculture, 160, 215-237.
Schmautz, Z., Loeu, F., Liebisch, F., Graber, A., Mathis, A., Bulc, T. G. & Junge, R. (2016). Tomato productivity and quality in aquaponics: comparison of three hydroponic methods. Water, 8, 1-22.
Skar, S., Liltved, H., Kledal, P., Høgberget, R., Björnsdottir, R., Homme, J., Oddsson, S., Paulsen, H., Drengstig, A., Savidov, N. & Seljåsen, R. (2015). Aquaponics NOMA (Nordic Marine) – New Innovations for Sustainable Aquaculture in the Nordic Countries. Nordic Innovation publication. Oslo, Norway.
Somerville, C., Cohen, M., Pantanella, E., Stankus, A. & Lovatelli, A. (2014). Smallscale aquaponic food production. Integrated fish and plant farming. FAO fisheries and aquaculture technical paper no. 589. FAO, Rome, 262.
Timmons, M. B & Losordo, T. M. (1994). Aquaculture Water Reuse Systems: Engineering Design and man- agement. 1st Edition, Amsterdam: Elsevier.
Timmons, M., B. & Ebeling J. M. (2013). Recirculating aquaculture. 3rd ed. Ithaca Publishing Company LLC, Ithaca, NY, USA.
Timmons, M. B., Guredat, T. & Vinci, B. J. (2018). Recirculating Aquaculture. 4th ed. Ithaca Publishing Company LLC, Ithaca, NY, USA.
Trejo-Téllez, L. & Gómez-Merino, F. (2012). Nutrient Solutions for Hydroponic Systems. In: Hydroponics – A Standard Methodology for Plant Biological Researches (Asao T., ed.), Mexico.
Turcios, A. & Papenbrock, J. (2014). Sustainable treatment of aquaculture effluents – what can we learn from the past for the future? Sustainability, 6(2), 836-856.
Van Rijn, J. (2013). Waste treatment in recirculating aquaculture systems. Author links open overlay panel. Aquacultural Engineering, 53, 49-56.
Villaverde, S. (1997). Influence of pH over nitrifying biofilm activity in submerged biofilters. Water Res., 31, 1180-1186.
Voogt, W. (2002). Potassium management of vegetables under intensive growth conditions. In: Potassium for sustainable crop production (Pasricha N. S and Bansal S .K. eds.), Int. potash institute, Bern, Switz., 347-362.
Wedemeyer, G. (2001). Fish hatchery management. American Fisheries Society. Bethesda, Maryland.
Wongkiew, S., Hu, Z., Chandran, K., Lee, J. W. & Khanal, S. K. (2017). Nitrogen Transformations in Aquaponic Systems: A Review. Aquac. Eng., 76, 9-19.
Yamori, N., Levine, C., Mattson, N. & Yamori, W. (2022). Optimum root zone temperature of photosyn- thesis and plant growth depends on air temperature in lettuce plants. Plant Molecular Biology, 110, 385-395.
Yang, T. & Kim, H. J. (2019). Nutrient management regime affectswater quality, crop growth, and nitrogen use efficiency of aquaponic systems. Sci. Hortic., 256, 108619.
Yildiz, H., Robaina, L., Pirhonen, J., Mente, E., Domin- guez, D. & Parisi G. (2017). Fish welfare in aquaponic systems: Its relation to water quality with an emphasis on feed and faeces-A review. Water (Switzerland), 9, 1-17.
Zekki, H., Gauthier, L. & Gosselin, A. (1996). Growth, Productivity, and Mineral Composition of Hydroponically Cultivated Greenhouse Tomatoes, with or without Nutrient Solution Recycling. Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science, 121(6), 1082-1088.
Zou, Y., Hu, Z., Zhang, J., Xie, H., Guimbaud, C. & Fang, Y. (2016). Effects of PH on Nitrogen Trans- formations in Media-Based Aquaponics. Bioresour. Technol., 210, 81-87. |
|
| Date published: 2024-06-30
Download full text 
